Shell Theorem Precludes Singularities Forming

Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: By applying Newtonian physics, it can be shown that a singularity cannot form inside a Black Hole (BH) or anywhere in the universe. Currently, BHs are theorized inside BHs; however, these theories ignore Newton's Shell Theorem. By applying General Relativity and an incorrect maths model wherein all mass is treated as being at the centre of a mass, the gravitational field approaches infinity. Treating the mass as being at the centre of a spherical mass is only correct outside the mass body. Newton's second theorem describes the gravitational field inside a spherical mass, which is zero at its centre rather than approaching infinity. BHs with a singularity is predicted to trap photons; however, photons can escape a BH with an increase in wavelength. Radio stars may be the result wherein all visible photon wavelengths have been shifted outside the visible region, making the BH appear black. The gravitational mass does bend the photon's path, causing some oblique photons to orbit a BH.