Pregnancy and Birth After Assisted Reproductive Technologies

1 A Follow-up of Pregnancies in Assisted Reproduction: Necessity and Problems.- Why Is It Necessary to Perform a Follow-up of Pregnancies After an ART Procedure?.- Why Do Not All Centres Perform a Follow-up of Pregnancies After an ART Procedure?.- Conclusion.- 2 Incidence of Early Abortions and Ectopic Pregnancies in Assisted Reproduction.- Definitions.- Incidence of Spontaneous Abortions.- Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancies.- Incidence of Heterotopic Pregnancies.- Incidence of Disappearing Gestational Sacs.- Is There a Higher Abortion Risk Following ART?.- 3 Incidence of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Abortions After Assisted Reproduction.- Monosomy.- Trisomy.- Triploidy.- Tetraploidy.- Structural Chromosomal Anomalies.- Mosaics.- Factors that Might Influence the Incidence of Chromosomal Anomalies.- Conclusion.- 4 Assisted Reproduction and Prenatal Diagnosis.- Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis.- Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis.- Conclusion.- 5 Obstetric Outcome of Pregnancies After Assisted Reproduction.- Singletons Conceived by ART Versus Spontaneously Conceived Pregnancies.- Singleton Versus Multiple Pregnancies After IVF or IVF/ICSI.- Multiple Pregnancies After ART Versus Spontaneously Conceived Multiple Pregnancies.- Higher Order Multiple Pregnancies Following ART.- Obstetric Outcome of Pregnancies After Cryopreservation.- Conclusion.- 6 Oocyte Donation.- Oocyte Recipients and Donors.- Obstetric Outcome in Oocyte Donation Pregnancies.- The Impact of Age.- Conclusion.- 7 Congenital Malformations After ART.- Congenital Malformations After IVF.- Congenital Malformations After ICSI.- Congenital Malformations After SUZI.- Congenital Malformations After GIFT or Intrauterine Insemination.- Congenital Malformations After Cryopreservation.- An Increased Risk for Certain Malformations.- Conclusion.- 8 Perinatal Outcome and Follow-up of Children Born from ART.- Descriptive Studies Without Control Groups.- Controlled Studies.- Follow-up of Children From Cryopreserved Embryos.- Conclusion.- 9 Development of Children of Lesbian Mothers After Using Assisted Reproduction Techniques.- Development of Children of Lesbian Mothers in General.- Children Conceived Via Donor Insemination by Lesbian Mothers.- Conclusion.- 10 Development of Children and Family Structure After IVF and Gamete Donation.- Children and Their Parents After IVF.- Children and Their Parents After Gamete Donation.- Conclusion.- 11 General Conclusions.- Abbreviation List.- References.