Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842

John Charles Frémont, "The Pathfinder," charted key routes and mapped the American West for pioneer settlement.John Charles Frémont--popularly known as "The Pathfinder" during his times--played a major role in opening up the American West to settlement by pioneers. His reliable accounts, including published maps, narrations, and scientific documentations of his expeditions, guided emigrants overland into the West starting in the mid-1840s. Frémont was born illegitimate to a Québécois father and a Virginian mother. Through the lucky circumstance of obtaining highly influential patrons at his parents' adopted home city of Charleston, South Carolina, he was appointed second lieutenant in the United States Topographical Corps and quickly rose within its ranks. Through the influence of his father-in-law, Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri--the powerful chairman of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs--he led his first expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842. With his party of 25 men, including Kit Carson, he embarked from the Kansas River on June 15, 1842, followed the Platte River to the South Pass, and starting from Green River he explored the Wind River mountain range. He climbed a 13,745-foot mountain, Frémont's Peak, planted an American flag, and claimed the Rocky Mountains and the West for the United States. His second expedition--the subject of a separate book--succeeded in charting all of the way to California, mapping and confirming the Oregon Trail as the route for pioneers heading toward the West.