A monograph of Enterographa and Sclerophyton

A monograph of the lichen genus Enterographa (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) is presented. In its new circumscription, the genus comprises 35 species, including corticolous, foliicolous, saxicolous and lichenicolous species. It is mainly distributed in the tropics and shows a high degree of endemism in especially the foliicolous species. Spore ontogeny, size, septation, excipulum structure, secondary compounds and thallus structure proved to be the most important characters for delimitation of the species and genera. The genus Sclerophyton (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) is enlarged to accommodate species with hyaline, macrocephalic spores, relatively thick septa, clavate-cylindrical asci and ascomata in pseudostromata formerly included in Enterographa and comprises 14 species. The genus Sclerophytonomyces (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) is reinstated to accomodate species with wide paraphysoids and pigmented ascospores. The genus Llimonaea (Arthoniales: Roccellaceae) is enlarged with two species formerly included in Sclerophyton that possess ascomata with a well-developed and carbonized excipulum and pigmented ascospores. The following 18 new species are described: Dirina insulae-howensis, Enterographa albopunctata, E. elixii, E. kalbii, E. pertusarioides Groenhart ex Sparrius, E. seawardii Lücking & Henssen in Sparrius, E. sipmanii, E. tropica, E. zephyri, Sclerophyton aptrootii, S. desertorum, S. fluorescens, S. madagascariense, S. murex Egea & Torrente ex Sparrius, S. murifome, S. syncesioides, S. trinidadense and S. vertex. The following 10 new combinations are proposed: Dirina follmannii (C. W. Dodge) Sparrius, D. neozelandica (Redinger) Sparrius, Enterographa multilocularis (Müll. Arg.) Sparrius, Llimonaea californica (Tuck.) Sparrius, L. cerebriformis (Egea & Torrente) Sparrius, Mazosia leptosticta (Nyl.) Sparrius, Sarcographa maculata (A.W. Archer) Aptroot & Sparrius, Sclerophyton extenuatum (Nyl.) Sparrius, S. seriale (Ach.) Sparrius and Sclerophytonomyces circumscriptus (Taylor) Sparrius & P. James. Enterographa vezdai Sparrius is a nomen novum for E. effusa Vézda.